Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition where the pressure in the arteries is constantly high. It can lead to serious health complications, such as heart disease, strokes, and kidney damage if not controlled properly.

Hypertension can be caused by a combination of genetic factors, a high-sodium diet, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress. Sometimes, no specific cause is found, which is called essential hypertension.

Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer and is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in two numbers: systolic pressure (the first, which measures the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the second, which measures the pressure when the heart is at rest). A normal blood pressure is generally considered to be below 120/80 mmHg.

Treatment can include lifestyle changes, such as following a low-sodium diet, exercising regularly, losing weight, and reducing alcohol consumption. Additionally, doctors may prescribe antihypertensive medications, which help reduce and control blood pressure.